Anne Hutchinson- A Puritan Spiritual Adviser - 1260 Words

1. Anne Hutchinson- was a Puritan spiritual adviser and an important contributor in the Antinomian Controversy that shook the entire colony of Massachusetts Bay from 1636 to 1638. 2. Roger Williams- was an English Protestant cleric who was an advocate of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. 3. William Bradford- was an English leader in the Plymouth Colony. He was also a signatory of the Mayflower Compact. 4. Thomas Hooker- was a prominent Puritan colonial leader, who founded Connecticut as a colony after opposing Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. 5. William Penn- was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker and the founder of Pennsylvania. He was an early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, known for his good relations with the Lenape Native Americans. 6. John Winthrop- was a wealthy Puritan lawyer and a prominent figure in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the first major settlement in New England after Plymouth Colony. 7. King Philip (Metacom)- was a Wampanoag chief also known by his English name King Philip. He used his influence to try to push out the colonists of New England in what came to be known as King Philp’s War. 8. John Cotton- was a clergyman in England and then in American colonies and, he also served as the minister and theologian of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 9. Sir Edmund Andros- was a colonial administrator in North America. He was the governor of New England during most of its three-yearShow MoreRelatedForced to Choose Between Morals and Society in The Puritan Dilemma by Edmund S. Morgan600 Words   |  3 PagesWithin the book The Puritan Dilemma, Edmund S. Morgan writes about the people who were forced to pick between their morals and their societies. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were banned since they had refused to accept the Puritan rules, and John Winthrop believe he could not continue in a country where the church remained tainted. The Puritan Dilemma indoctrinated the people, claiming we are all sinners other than the puritans. Everyone is sin and Puritans are saintly. Starting with JohnRead MoreAnne Hutchinson And The Puritan Movement1695 Words   |  7 Pages Anne Hutchinson was a religious leader who was born in England in 1951. She was killed in 1643 in an Indian raid killing in the state of New York which wss in the colony of Mid-Atlantic. Anne Hutchinson fought for women’s rights and she gave many girls and women hope that they might have rights again as shown by this quote, â€Å" From the early Christian era, female activism in religious life gave some women high visibility, thus preserving their voices in the historical record. The splinteringRead MoreApush Timeline 1607-17754368 Words   |  18 Pagesfor governor of the colony. 6. (1620-1640) Puritans migrate to Massachusetts Bay colony: They were much more focused on religion rather than money. They were much more organized than the Virginians. This created two separate groups in the New World that later on would change many things such as the Indian interactions. Several beliefs differentiated Puritans from other Christians. The first was their Calvinistic belief in predestination. Puritans believed that belief in Jesus and participationRead MoreEssay about Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown3241 Words   |  13 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† captivates the reader through a glimpse of the Puritan church. The story also shows the struggle of good versus evil in the main character Goodman Brown. The role of the Puritan church is crucial in shaping Goodman Brown’s personality and helping the reader understand why he was reluctant to continue his journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Puritanism, movement arising within the Church of England in the latter part of

William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night - 1434 Words

William Shakespeare has entertained people for centuries with his romantic comedies. One of his well-known plays is Twelfth Night which explores the relationships between friends. The main characters in the play have to overcome many different challenging obstacles and when all hope seems to be against them, they end up overpowering their difficulties and fall in love. . Jesus’s words in John chapter 15 are perfect: Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. Loyalty and trust was shown in Jesus’s actions because he did what he promised and gave his life up for the sins of others. Compatibility is shown between the friendship of Toby and Andrew. Trust must be present amongst friends in order for the relationship to be at its fullest. Loyalty is expressed between the relationship of Antonio and Sebastian. Throughout the play Twelfth Night, Shakespeare demonstrates that true friends are always compatible, trustworthy, and loyal to ea ch other. Antonio and Sebastian are very intimate with one another and have become very loyal to each other. This is shown quite evidently throughout the play many times. An example of this is when Antonio wants to go with Sebastian to Illyria to make sure he is safe, he tells Sebastian, â€Å"But, come what may, I do adore thee so that danger shall seem sport, and I will go† (Act 2, Scene 1, lines 40-41). Deep down inside, Antonio feels a shrill desire to follow and help his friend on his travels. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night2005 Words   |  9 Pagesrole that gender plays in Shakespeare’s work. Focus on Twelfth Night or King Lear—or discuss both plays together. Do you see these patterns repeated? Or do you see them being challenged and somehow undermined (implicitly or explicitly) in the plots and language of the play s)?† wants to know if Shakespeare wanted to break the pattern of women being passive objects to men in the literat ure. In the story Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare all of the roles are played by men. In the fifteenth centuryRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1967 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Twelfth Night† or â€Å"What You Will† was written around 1601-1602 with the primary performance being in February 1602. It is known to be a high point of Shakespearian comedy as it is one of Shakespeare’s finest works. Twelfth night was written to commemorate the close of the Christmas season being possibly one of the first ever holiday specials, kind of like the Middle Ages version of â€Å"Love Actually†. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated duringRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pagesaffection for another person,† love takes on many forms throughout life and literature (Merriam-Webster). Through its passionate drama and witty repartee, Twelfth Night, by William Shakespeare, explores the intricate, and often complicated, realm of interpersonal love. By tracing the intertwining storylines of four unique characters, Shakespeare communicates the futility of self-love, the desperation of hopeless love, and the immeasurable virtue of selfless love. An after-effect of human’s sinfulRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night947 Words   |  4 PagesLove affection Recently, I’ve been reading an intriguing play, Twelfth Night, which was written by William Shakespeare. What interests me in this play most is the fact that there are a lot of love interests. Duke Orsino is greatly attracted to a gentlewoman called Olivia. However, despite his attempts to court her, she rejects his approaches as she claims to be in a period of mourning for her dead brother which has been going on for seven years. Olivia forms a tight friendship with Viola, a womanRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1436 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is perhaps one of the most famous writers of English literature. His writings and plays have touched the lives of many people. At some point in our lives, whether we are aware of it or not, we have all come across a poem, play or perhaps even an old adage that was written by William Shakespeare that has captured our attention. I still remember the very first time I read Romeo and Juliet in high school. The st ory was one of the most memorable pieces of literature that I recallRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe very ï ¬ rst word following the dramatis personae in the text of William Shakespeare s comedy, Twelfth Night, or What You Will, is Music. The first thing that playgoers hear at the beginning is music. This music is being played for a duke, a powerful lord residing over the setting of all the characters. He is surrounded by other lords and his attendant, Curio. The duke, Orsino, cannot help but comment: If music be the food of love, play on, Give me excess of itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1155 Words   |  5 Pagesmany aspects. Sometimes they may try to force people to act upon certain rules that define their place in society. They often try to meet expectations that society has made for them based on gender and social status. William Shakespeare reinforces these ideas in his play Twelfth Night, which introduces many meaningful messages about situations that still occur in society today. He clearly develops important themes worthy of analysis. A few of these strong themes are about stereotypes and society’sRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1218 Words   |  5 PagesTwelfth Night, a romantic piece by William Shakespeare expresses a complex love triangle in the village of Illyria. One of the primary protagonists, Viola is washed up onto the shores during violent storms that separate her and her biological twin brother Sebastian. Viola is uncertain if her brother Sebastian survived. It is a coincidence, that the tragic shipwreck carried Viola to the enemy state (Illyria). Unfortunately, this forces the character to go into disguise in order to survive on the maleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1979 Words   |  8 Pageshas died. This is extremely emotionally tolling both on the nurses and the patients and lying seems like a kinder option. A situation such as this one would be deception to gain something but is helping the person being lied to. In William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night, one main characters, Viola, wakes up on the shores of Illyria after a shipwreck in which her brother has presumably died. She formulates a plan to work for the Duke, Orsino who is hopelessly in love with the sought-after Olivia. ThisRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1106 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters. Before movies, people learned about love in literature. Even in the old literature, love was a common theme. In Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Twelfth Nightâ⠂¬ , different types of love between the characters are investigated. Each of the characters’ relationships play a role in the development of the story. The first and main type of love in â€Å"Twelfth Night is true love. The story’s plot is driven by the complicated love triangle between Orsino, Viola, and Olivia. However, Viola’s love is the only true

Does the Internet Ruin Communications Essay - 953 Words

The Internet was only created about thirty years ago, yet it is has incorporated itself into the daily life of nearly everyone. One of the most conventional uses for the Internet is communication. Most cannot live a day without using the Internet to communicate with others; co-workers, peers, and family. Several embrace this technology by enjoying the ability to communicate with others where ever they are, whether they are at home, work, or even school. Communicating on the Internet can be used to make new friends, maintain long distance relationships and absorb thoughts that others share to become more intelligent. Some disagree with such constant use of the Internet, stating it isolates people, makes them dumber, and can be a danger to†¦show more content†¦The urge to constantly post a status update, email a friend, or examine a news feed causes is causing outside activities to become scarce. According to Barbara Jamison, (2000) using the Internet more than necessary can hinder face-to-face relationships. It can even begin to ruin a career or marriage, if not managed properly. The constant need to communicate with others online will slowly eliminate an individual’s offline life. It becomes an addiction, an impossibility to live through a day without the Internet. Dave Rhea (2009) states â€Å"Nothing has aggravated Internet addiction as much as the advent of online social media networks.† It appears that so many lives revolve around Facebook, or Twitter, and eventually, these social networking sites are the only thing that can keep one’s attention. Even if someone leaves their house, the Internet is still there, accessible on their mobile phone. Mobile phones have become a must-have for teenagers. As the amount of teens with mobile phones increases, so does the number of them with smart phones, where the Internet can be reached in any service area. Elliot Soloway, and Cathleen Norris agree that this phenomenon is not necessarily a bad thing, stating: â€Å"For better or for worse, this generation needs the interactivity and feedback provided by Internet-connected mobile devices. There is no magic in these devices; test scores improve because the students are spending more time on task because they are moreShow MoreRelatedEssay on Face to Face Vs. Electronic Communication1722 Words   |  7 Pagesthat a way of showing anger? Many get emails or texts or any forms of messages through electronic communication and have no idea what the message is saying or how their tone of voice is. Many have kids who just started using communication or haven’t started at all, and are wondering what to teach their kids about communication. The best solution to this problem is to teach using face to face communication. In the old days, talking face to face was the way to go. They would walk or drive somewhere andRead MoreTechnology Is Ruining Society779 Words   |  4 Pagespointless websites, such as Twitter and Facebook, which ruin societ y’s social abilities. More and more people use social media on the internet as a communication source. This does not apply merely to kids and teens, but adults as well. Using these sorts of websites as a way of communicating causes many individuals’ social skills to decrease. A plethora of children and teens would rather stay inside and interact with their friends through the internet than go hang out with them. Before technology peopleRead More Pornography on the Internet Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesPornography on the Internet The Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming popular among those who are interested in the information superhighway. The problem with this world we know as Cyberspace, the ‘Net, or the Web is that some of this information, including pornographical material and hate literature, is being accessible to minors. Did you know that 83.5% of the images available on the Internet are pornographical? Did you know that the Internet’sRead MoreExpanding the Heavy Duty Truck Market to Eastern Asian Countries1597 Words   |  7 Pagesup an internet website, dropping some brochures, and sending a few corporate letters or emails will not get a marketing team in the door. Approaching the Japanese culture should be done carefully since they put a very high value on reputation, professionalism, and trust. Even the act of presenting or receiving a business card properly can result in a successful contact or a failed venture. Not being dresses appropriately for the meeting will be considered an insult. Rumors can even ruin a businessRead MoreBan And Monitoring Of Internet Browsing And Surfing1169 Words   |  5 Pages Assignment on Ban and monitoring of internet browsing and surfing By XxX Dated Ban and monitoring of internet browsing and surfing There is a continuous monitoring over the Internet in the United States. This is the potential and propositional controversy over the privacy rights. This law is stated as the invasion of privacy, and it can be observed that this regulation is placed upon us for the context of limitation and a ban on certain websites. This is truly an example of a nanny stateRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Technology1296 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology quit working? There is no answer to this question, but losing internet and satellite access could result in a major global disruption. Technology has had multiple effects on the world. The use of technology has rose very quickly. â€Å"In 1995, fewer than one percent of the world’s population was online† (BBC). Fewer than one percent is a very small part of our population. According to BBC a fifth of all americans use the internet almost constantly, and 73 percent use it everyday. In 22 years theRead MoreMedia Portrayal Of The Internet828 Words   |  4 PagesThe internet is slowly becoming the most used source of media, with many teenagers listening to music, watching television shows, and reading magazines on their computer as well as reading blogs and maintaining social media profiles. It has also changed the very structure of romantic relationships, with many starting, being maintained, and sometimes even ending online. Pascoe (2011) found that 93% of individuals between 12 and 17 years old were online in 2008 and it can only be assume that the percentageRead MoreThe Impact of E-Marketing in Todays Business1778 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of e-marketing to todays businesses Introduction The application of marketing techniques and principles using electronic media or the internet is referred to as e-marketing. The process of marketing a product or service by using the internet is also referred to as e-marketing ADDIN EN.CITE Sheehan2010205(Sheehan, 2010)2052056Sheehan, B.Basics Marketing 02: Online Marketing2010NY 10038Bloomsbury9782940411337http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=ZLjN0JQ-9ewC( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_6 o SheehanRead More Communication in The Global Village Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesand use of the internet, people are uniting and communicating in ways never dreamed two decades past. While more developed countries are taking advantage of this new global village, less developed countries helplessly stay in their idle life rafts as the sharks of these new virtual communities circle round. In the dawn of time communication started with mediums such as facial expressions, groaning, and sometimes just whacking a member of your community in the head. Communications simplest formRead MoreInternet Monitoring : Control Laws1339 Words   |  6 Pages University of the Incarnate Word Internet Monitoring: Control Laws in United States Zaid Alsubaie Internet Monitoring and Control Laws of United States There is a continuous monitoring over the Internet in the United States. This is the potential and propositional controversy over the privacy rights. The laws such as Communications Decency Act (CDA) and ‘Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act’ is pertaining to the monitoring of internet is stated as an invasion of privacy, and

Marx s Theory Of Power And Inequality - 1470 Words

Marx’s and Weber’s approach the study of power and inequality through class and economics. They agree that the wealthy does have some power advantage over the poor. But they differ in the power distribution. Marx only sees the bourgeoisie as the ultimate power house; while Weber believes that power is distributed among class, status, and party. Their opinion on social mobility is also different. Marx sees class as automatic and Weber sees it as a developing and changing idea. This is why Weber’s approach to the study of power and inequality resonates most with contemporary U.S. society. Marx believes that society is a system created by the powerful for the powerful through material goods. In â€Å"The German Ideology,† Marx and Engles write â€Å"the ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e. the class which is the ruling material force of society is at the same time its intellectual force† (Marx and Engles 1845:144). The mode of production determines who has power and who does not. Those in charge of the material goods have the power to make the rules of society as well. Those who do not own any material goods but use their labor instead have to follow through with the rules of those in power. According to Marx, the bourgeoisie and proletariat are the only classes in society; they either own the means of production or they work. The bourgeoisie will continue to own the means of production since the proletariat are tied down to their job. This is why MarxShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke s Theory Of Theory And Social Discourse1253 Words   |  6 PagesDiscourse on Inequality, a piece that explored the proprietary origin and distribution of equality while subtly critiquing John Locke’s theories. By the time Karl Marx began to explore bourgeois society and its shortcomings, Rousseau was an established Locke critique who Marx’s On the Jewish Question and Communist Manifesto could contend with. The largest point of contention between the three would be the concept of property and the source of inequality. By exploring the major theories of each politicalRead MoreIncome Inequality : The Perspectives Of Marx And Weber Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesIncome Inequality in A merican Society: The Perspectives of Marx and Weber In the United States, income inequality is drawing more and more attention from the media, sociologists, politicians, and everyday citizens like us since the economic difference during the past decades became more pronounced than before. Karl Marx and Max Weber both discussed their ideas of social inequality and addressed the relationship between inequality and social structure as an important theme in their work. This paperRead MoreKarl Marx And Functionalist Theory1329 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and functionalist theory There is something to agree with in each one of the three sociological perspectives. There is accuracy in conflict theory perspective in that those in power determine social order and structure. Symbolic interactionism concentrates on social interactions. Since society consists of different social structures, social interaction having an effect on society certainly makes sense. Functionalist theory takes a large-scaled or macro view of social structures or institutionsRead MoreMarxism, Feminism And The Works Of Max Weber1584 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Karl Marx (1818-1883) all the struggles of all societies throughout history are due to confrontations of power and exploitation. Marx believed that all societies had divisions of class and therefore inequality as a result of capitalism. He believed that capitalism would always be antagonistic because one class could exploit another class instead of working in a cooperative way. Marx was concerned about relationships between individuals, predominately men, and their access to power; whetherRead MoreSocial Class And Social Work Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagesthem to contemporary britain in order to explain how social class influences an individual s life chances. I will also discuss and examine the value of these theories to students on a social work course. Sociology is fluid in the way in which theories become less central to sociological thinking as time progresses. The theory of social class in particular was very prominent throughout the 1950’s-1970’s where social class divisions were seen as central to understanding differences in opportunityRead MoreConflict Theories Focus On The Political Nature Of Crime1439 Words   |  6 PagesConflict theories focus on the political nature of crime and examine the creation and application of the law. Conflict theory fundamental assumption is that society is characterized more by conflict than by collective consensus. This characterization allows conflict theory to be viewed at on a continuous spectrum from different vantage points. On one end of the spectrum is the pluralistic view that infers that society is composed of different groups which are in a struggle for maintain their interestRead MoreSocial Conflict Theory1130 Words   |  5 Pagesin criminology which takes a confl ict perspective, such as marxism, feminism, political economy theory or critical theory. The focus of critical criminology is the genesis of crime and nature of ‘justice’ within a structure of class and status inequalities. Law and punishment of crime are viewed as connected to a system of social inequality and as the means of producing and perpetuating this inequality.[1] Critical criminology sees crime as a product of oppression. workers, (particularly, the poorerRead MoreKarl Marx, Emile Durkheim And Max Webers Influence On Religion1727 Words   |  7 PagesThree theorists, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, are undoubtedly the fathers of modern sociology. â€Å"Nineteenth century Western Europe was pounded by pivotal forces of transformation. Politics, education, religion, communication science, art, and social life were being revolutionized.† (Mohseni 1994;85) Each with distinct views on society and religion, these sociologists are and their theories are significant especially in the field of society. Just as much as they play a major role in theRead MoreMarxist Theory And Social Class1238 Words   |  5 Pagessimilarities like power and prestige. Saunders (2001) states that stratification is the presence of distinct social groups which are ranked. Therefore, the major difference is that stratification shows diversity while social c lasses defines an inequality. In Marxist theories, society is divided between two classes, and social stratification is the conflict between them. To illustrate this, China has faced communism for over a decade, in which has caused major social inequalities within the societyRead MoreThe Conflict Theory883 Words   |  4 PagesPaul Wise The Conflict Theory This paper will talk about what The Conflict Theory is, and who it was derived from. It will also give, and explain an example of what The Conflict Theory pertains to in modern society. The Conflict Theory focuses on the negative aspects of society as opposed to most other theories which tend to focus more on the positive aspects of society. It pays more attention to things like race, gender and social class because they are seen as grounds for the worst struggles

Base Details Free Essays

In the poem, â€Å"Base Details,† Siegfried Sassoon expresses his great disgust towards the majors in the military. He is disgusted and appalled at the way the majors act while men are dying out in the battlefield. Sassoon is angered by the fact that the majors are living a life of luxury while sending young men â€Å"up the line† out into the battlefield. We will write a custom essay sample on Base Details or any similar topic only for you Order Now The title of the poem suggests these ideas. â€Å"Base† indicates a military installation, but another meaning is morally low; and the word â€Å"details† can mean facts or assignment. The poem is about morally vile majors at a base and the lowly assignments they give their men. Sassoon begins the poem by describing the majors as demanding, mean, and cowardly men. They are bald, out-of-shape and full of gluttony. Sassoon calls the majors as â€Å"scarlet majors,† signifying that they are shameful and morally apprehensible. Their faces have a bright redness from excessive drinking, eating, and yelling of anger. Scarlet† also represents the blood these majors have on their hands from speeding â€Å"glum heroes up the line to death† because they are willing to pick fights but won’t fight them. The majors â€Å"speed† the soldiers to the battlefield, doing it carelessly, demonstrating they don’t care if they die because they see them as replaceable objects. These soldiers are being sent â€Å"up the line to death†, dehumanizing them because these men are in a line waiting for their death while the major are living their luxurious lives away from a war they started.Sassoon is sickened by the fact these men are â€Å"guzzling and gulping in the best hotel† while the soldiers are dying in battle. He describes how disrespectful the majors are with their â€Å"puffy petulant faces† from eating and drinking excessively. Sassoon describes how the majors are drinking and stuffing their faces while â€Å"Reading the Roll of Honor† in safe, luxurious hotels. The Roll of Honor is the list of men who have died in battle, and these majors do not take it seriously.They are reading this list as if it were a newspaper. They are barbaric and arrogant and show no respect for those who have died in battle. The fact that these majors are like that sickens the reader. For this, Sassoon feels so contemptuous towards the majors for they are demanding, but hypocritical. Sassoon uses sarcasm in expressing the major’s speech, â€Å"Poor young chap, I’d say- I used to know his father well. Yes, we’ve lost heavily in this last scrap. † The major refers to these horrific battles as â€Å"scraps. He does not care about the soldiers in these battles because he does not know how horrific these battles are. Sassoon uses the expression â€Å"youth stone dead† to show that casualties are high and an entire generation is lost during this war. It also represents how those who survive lose their youth and their innocence. While the soldiers go through all that pain and suffering, the majors would â€Å"toddle safely home and die- in bed. † The majors go back home still drunk and enjoy the money and wealth they have gained and die of old age or other causes. How to cite Base Details, Papers

Juveniles Essay Example For Students

Juveniles Essay As I entered the juvenile detention facility on 150th, I began to wonder about the female detainee I was going to interview regarding placement. I am sitting in a locked room with a desk, two (2) chairs and a large plexie glass window. As the staff arrived she was accompanied with Farouka (the name has been changed to protect confidentiality). Farouka is a 14-year-old Caucasian/Hispanic female small in stature, wearing county blues (issued clothing). She appeared fearful and teary eyed. She has been detained and adjudicated due to strong-armed robbery. Farouka was involved with two other young people in robbing another 14-year-old in front of a 7-11 convenient store. They beat and kicked the victim and stole approximately $20.00 in cash. The convenient store clerk had interrupted the crime. As a result of the beating the victim was taken to the hospital. During the interview Farouka was very unclear of her punishment (group home placement for 12 months) and felt it was too harsh. Her reasoning was because it was her first offense. However, Farouka had been expelled from school due to fighting and required to go to continuation school. There is a history of truancy, out of parental control, drug and alcohol abuse. It is clear that due to her many questions she was unable to deduct the reasons behind her consequence. It is because of the circumstances and situations, similar in nature to that of Faroukas our government has been forced to re-evaluate juvenile crime in America. Although trends in America show that society wants to try juveniles as adults for violent crimes, rehabilitation for the majority of our youths is the best solution. Juveniles Tried as Adults 2 Due to the evolution of increasingly dangerous and serious violent crimes committed by todays youths, law makers have been put in the position according to Schwartz, to give our communities a false sense of public protection (CQ Researcher, 1994). This is done through the creation of legislation aimed at punishing juveniles for the crimes they commit. However, it is clear that trying juveniles as adults does not address the crime rate or why violent crimes are committed, because it is simply a quick-fix policy that only surfaces around election years, implying that its political (Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service, 1996). Secondly, the majority of crimes committed by juveniles are done so between the hours of 2pm-6pm (Biden, 1998, p.2). As stated, by Governor Wilson of California, until we reform the law, until those who are in fact guilty of serious crimesuntil they are treated as seriously as their crimes require, they are literally going to continue to get away with murder. This shift of emphasis in the crime policy from treatment and rehabilitation to punishment is perceived to stem from the moral panic to violent delinquency (Howell, 1997, p.28), this is because crimes that are being committed among the youths are of the same caliber as crimes committed by adults. In contra st, there are three types of juveniles; first, there are small percentages that commit violent crimes (rape, murder, etc.). Second, there are those who commit less violent crimes (i.e. petty theft). Third, there is a growing population of minors who are at risk of committing crimes (Biden, 1998, p.2). In addition, there are those who believe if you commit the crime you should pay the time. Juveniles should not be tried as adults for violent crimes and given the opportunity to be rehabilitated. Case in point, in the October 1998 issue of Emerge Magazine is a feature article about an 11-year old boy named Nathaniel who is charged with murdering an 18-year old male Juveniles Tried as Adults 3 and shooting at others. He has confessed to firing a stolen gun, but claims he was playing around and not shooting at anyone. Nathaniel has been identified as one emotionally impaired and is functioning three to four years below his age level. He lives in one of Michigans notorious housing project s, where poverty and crime are bedfellows. Nathaniel had been experiencing problems at school and has been questioned by the police on twenty-two occasions for a variety of reasons. Juveniles can be rehabilitated through measures of behavior modification. Nathaniel fits the classic model needed for a study that tested a theory of social learning to explain juvenile delinquency. This theory is based upon altering the social environment of the delinquent, in order to reduce juvenile crime. The study found that interventions aimed at younger, first time offenders may have been more effective (Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1991). Moreover, trying juvenile as an adult could result in grave physical harm of the minor. Since the passing of the S-10 Bill, the Violent and Repeat Juvenile Offender Act of 1997, institutions are no longer mandated to house juveniles in separate quarters from adults, keeping them out of harms way. Instead, now they can be housed alongside adult felons wh o may have nothing to lose. creating an increase in rape, sodomy, and suicide. Furthermore, there is evidence that juveniles who are convicted under the adult system have a high rate of recidivism. Biden states, juveniles tried as adults are more likely to be put on probation, to spend less time in prison, and to commit more crimes in the future that juveniles tried and sentenced in the juvenile system (1998, p.2.). Finally, I contend that rehabilitation is better because they are on children. Children develop behaviors that they see adults exhibit. They are not as mature as adults. They do not have the same cognitive development as adults. If juveniles were capable of making adult Juveniles Tried as Adults 4 decisions then states would not have to put age related sanctions on voting, driving, or the purchase of liquor or tobacco products (Valentine, 1998, p.49). There are countless studies done on child development and socialization of youths, however, Skinner has been the major in fluence in contemporary psychology (Hollin, 1990, p.7). Skinner contends that children learn through Operant Learning. It is his theory that the individuals behavior is related to the environmental consequences it produces. That behavior is either reinforced or punished. For example, in the case of Farouka, if she had been brought before the court during the time period of truancy (early stages of delinquent behavior), an environmental history could have been done. It would have revealed that her father died of a drug overdose, her mother is a current drug and alcohol user, and that she lives in a neighborhood similar to Nathaniels (where crime and poverty are bedfellows). The environment in which she lives in reinforces her negative behaviors, whereas she gains status and recognition for delinquent behavior. Provided this information was known before the infamous strong-armed robbery, it could have been prevented through early intervention. Farouka could learned new behaviors and g ained tools, which should could live a more positive and productive life. Juveniles Tried as Adults 5 References Biden, J. (1998, Winter). Attacking Youth Violence. Criminal Justice Ethics, v17 il p.2(1). Glazer, S. (1994, February). Juvenile Justice. CQ Researcher, v4 p.171-183. Hollin, C. (1990). Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions with Young Offenders, Psychology Practitioner Guidebooks. p.7. Howell, J. (1997) Improving the balance between child development and juvenile punishment in a comprehensive strategy: a comment on Vila. Politics and the Life Sciences. V16 nl p.2894). Lew, B., Hicks-Marlowe, J., Reid, J., Patterson, C., Weinrott, M. (1991). A comparative evaluation of parent training interventions for families of chronic delinquents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, v19, p15 (19). Mowatt, R. (1996, January 11). Harsher penalties urged for juveniles in California. Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service, p. 111K6230. Valentine, V. (1998, October). Youth Crime, Adult Time. E merge Magazine, 48-52. .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 , .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .postImageUrl , .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 , .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514:hover , .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514:visited , .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514:active { border:0!important; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514:active , .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514 .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb2a88924290a6d111692ef3f2914514:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Media Portrayal of Mental Illness in America Essay